5-Bedroom Homes for Sale in Upper West Side

/18
$10,888,888
- 5 Beds
- 6 Baths
- 5,016 Sq Ft
6 W 95th St, New York, NY 10025

A New Townhouse Masterpiece by Central Park A rare offering of timeless elegance and contemporary perfection - 6 West 95th Street is a masterfully rebuilt never-lived-in single-family townhouse with an elevator and private garden on one of the most beautiful and peaceful tree-lined blocks on the Upper West Side. What a wonderful surprise awaits the fortunate buyer who opens

Christopher Franklin Brown Harris Stevens Residential Sales LLC

6 W 95th St, New York, NY 10025
Explore Upper West Side
/27
$12,400,000
- 5 Beds
- 5.5 Baths
- 3,811 Sq Ft
211 W 84th St Unit 10WEST, New York, NY 10024

Closings Begin this Fall. Residence 10W at The Henry is a graciously proportioned five-bedroom apartment facing west and south. The apartment's scale, views, and light are immediately evident, with a private vestibule leading to a beautiful, generous square gallery. The living room sits on the southwest corner of The Henry and opens with pocket doors to a gracious eat-in kitchen. The primary

Alexa Lambert Compass

211 W 84th St Unit 10WEST, New York, NY 10024
/36
$10,975,000
- 5 Beds
- 6.5 Baths
- 6,075 Sq Ft
53 W 85th St, New York, NY 10024

Also available furnished short or long-term at $50K/month.53 West 85th Street – A Magnificently Renovated Single-Family Townhome Perfectly positioned on a prime Central Park block, this stunning approximately 18-foot-wide Queen Anne-style home with stoop has been newly gut-renovated from top to bottom, blending historic charm with modern luxury, including chic finishes and

Cathy Taub Sothebys International Realty

53 W 85th St, New York, NY 10024
/18
$19,950,000
- 6 Beds
- 6.5 Baths
- 6,500 Sq Ft
535 W End Ave Unit PH, New York, NY 10024

The penthouse at 535 West End Avenue is truly a one-of-a-kind home! Perfect home for grand or intimate living and entertaining. With stunning light and panoramic city & Hudson River Views, this spectacular home is spread out over 6500 interior and 1900 exterior square feet. The architectural details include 10" ceilings, wide plank hardwood floors, two gas fireplaces,

Steven Cohen Douglas Elliman Real Estate

535 W End Ave Unit PH, New York, NY 10024
/24
$15,200,000
- 6 Beds
- 5 Baths
- 6,069 Sq Ft
9 W 84th St, New York, NY 10024

Welcome to 9 West 84th Street, a beautifully renovated townhouse, only steps from central park, where timeless elegance meets modern luxury. As you walk up the stoop and enter the home through the meticulously preserved original wood doors, you are greeted by an impressive grand foyer. The rich wood details and stunning marble flooring set the tone for the grandeur found throughout this

Anat Patishi Compass

9 W 84th St, New York, NY 10024
/29
$16,750,000
- 6 Beds
- 8 Baths
- 7,719 Sq Ft
211 W 84th St Unit THWEST, New York, NY 10024

Closings Begin this Fall. Townhouse West is the rarest of finds. A 42-foot-wide townhouse with a garden, located in a full service, highly amenitized, condominium. TH West represents the best things about townhouse living with none of the downsides. It has width, space, security, outdoor space and ceiling heights ranging from 11 feet to 18 feet. The first floor of the Townhouse consists of a

Alexa Lambert Compass

211 W 84th St Unit THWEST, New York, NY 10024
/22
$14,950,000
- 7 Beds
- 7.5 Baths
- 8,451 Sq Ft
535 W End Ave Unit 15, New York, NY 10024

BY APPT ONLY : A palatial designer condo nestled less than a block from Riverside Park, this full-floor 7-bedroom, 7.5-bathroom home is the ultimate expression of contemporary city luxury. Features of this 8,450 sq. ft. apartment include a private elevator landing, huge windows with quadruple exposure, gorgeous hardwood floors, coffered ceilings, a spacious laundry room with a utility sink,

Philip Fatta Nest Seekers LLC

535 W End Ave Unit 15, New York, NY 10024
/17
$10,495,000
- 7 Beds
- 8 Baths
- 7,080 Sq Ft
51 W 73rd St, New York, NY 10023

Iconic Queen Anne Townhouse on a Prime Central Park Block with Grand Ceilings, Timeless Charm, and Romantic DetailsNestled on a prime Central Park block in the Upper West Side, 51 West 73rd Street is a rare single-family elevator townhouse and one of New York City’s few remaining Queen Anne residences. Built in 1885 by Henry J. Hardenbergh—the architect behind the Dakota—this exquisite

Dexter Guerrieri Vandenberg Inc

51 W 73rd St, New York, NY 10023
/17
$12,495,000
- 5 Beds
- 6.5 Baths
- 6,700 Sq Ft
26 W 95th St, New York, NY 10025

Welcome to 26 West 95th Street, a meticulously renovated townhouse, originally built in 1892 by renowned architect Neville & Bagge, and located on one of the most desirable Upper West Side Central Park blocks. This home is in triple mint condition, boasting a 6 stop elevator, a Lutron Homeworks smart home system, Sonos sound system with a dedicated zone/amp for every room and exterior area, and

Richard Pretsfelder Leslie J Garfield & Co Inc

26 W 95th St, New York, NY 10025
/26
$12,500,000
- 5 Beds
- 7 Baths
- 6,000 Sq Ft
141 W 95th St, New York, NY 10025

Rock Star Chic Single Family Townhouse with Elevator Even if you're not a rock star, you are sure to appreciate this absolutely stunning home that artistically combines glamourous and industrial elements into a one-of-a-kind home in turn-key condition. Not just beautiful but practical for enjoying the best of today's modern lifestyle, behind a beautiful Gilded Age fa ade on a lovely

Ann Marie Folan Douglas Elliman Real Estate

141 W 95th St, New York, NY 10025
/37
$10,900,000
- 6 Beds
- 7 Baths
- 9,075 Sq Ft
328 W 108th St, New York, NY 10025

Breathtaking and Spectacular.Absolutely stunning sun-drenched, all new renovation of a 22 foot wide townhouse designed by Janes & Leo Architects in 1898.This magnificent limestone, Neo Georgian Townhouse has all the bells and whistles that one could ask for and is located just steps to Riverside Drive on a very serene, quiet, and pristine block. This sprawling townhouse is 7 stories including

Mike Sieger Sothebys International Realty

328 W 108th St, New York, NY 10025
/6
$7,300,000
- 10 Beds
- 11.5 Baths
- 7,754 Sq Ft
4 W 90th St, New York, NY 10024

Located just a stone’s throw from Central Park, 4 West 90th Street is a 19’-wide, elevatored brownstone offering an exceptional investment opportunity on the Upper West Side. Built in 1889 and designed by architect Gilbert A. Schellenger in the Queen Anne and Romanesque Revival styles, the building spans nearly 7,800 square feet across 8 stories and features a south-facing garden.With 10

Richard Pretsfelder Leslie J Garfield & Co Inc

4 W 90th St, New York, NY 10024
/18
$2,800,000
- 6 Beds
- 3 Baths
- 3,060 Sq Ft
67 Riverside Dr Unit 2AD, New York, NY 10024

Prewar Grandeur and Elegance on Riverside Drive Enjoy over 3000 SF of Living and Entertaining Space A private balcony and views of the Hudson RiverHistoric prewar details intact Needs TLC but well worth the effortThis combination apartment 67 Riverside Drive is an excellent value.

Stephanie Rappoport Compass

67 Riverside Dr Unit 2AD, New York, NY 10024
/13
$6,950,000
- 5 Beds
- 9 Baths
- 10,105 Sq Ft
471 W End Ave, New York, NY 10024

471 West End Avenue presents an extraordinary opportunity to own and transform a 25'-wide, 100% vacant townhouse into a masterpiece in one of the Upper West Side's most exclusive and sought-after locations. Ideally positioned between West 82nd and 83rd Streets, this exceptional property offers the rare combination of location, potential, and unparalleled luxury. Currently, the

Nicole Palermo Serhant

471 W End Ave, New York, NY 10024
/11
$5,650,000
- 10 Beds
- 9 Baths
- 5,580 Sq Ft
132 W 73rd St, New York, NY 10023

CAN BE DELIVERED VACANT! Coldwell Banker Warburg is pleased to present the exclusive offering of 132 West 73rd Street, a historic 4-story + basement brownstone located in the heart of Manhattan's Upper West Side, just moments from Central Park. Built in 1884 by renowned architect James Edward Ware, this 5,580-square-foot property sits on a 1,635-square-foot lot between Columbus and

Adjina Dekidjiev Coldwell Banker Warburg

132 W 73rd St, New York, NY 10023
/14
$4,000,000
- 5 Beds
- 3 Baths
- 3,000 Sq Ft
151 W 86th St Unit 4D, New York, NY 10024

Grand, gracious, and filled with light, this expansive residence featuring 4 bedrooms, a library/home office, and an elegant formal dining room spans nearly 3,000 square feet in a classic 1914 prewar cooperative. Thoughtfully renovated, the home features soaring 10-foot ceilings, oversized windows with south, east, and north exposures, original architectural details, beautiful hardwood floors,

Bahar Tavakolian Compass

151 W 86th St Unit 4D, New York, NY 10024
/28
$8,950,000
- 5 Beds
- 6 Baths
- 7,320 Sq Ft
69 W 83rd St, New York, NY 10024

This exceptionally elegant 7-story single-family townhouse showcases luxury, functionality, and style throughout its over 7,300 SF of interiors. Originally constructed in 1885, the Queen Anne Style home was designed by the architects D & J Jardine. The current owners beautifully renovated the entire home from top to bottom to blend modern amenities and comforts with the timeless elegance of

Deanna Kory Corcoran Group

69 W 83rd St, New York, NY 10024
/32
$8,500,000
- 5 Beds
- 4.5 Baths
- 4,000 Sq Ft
15 W 81st St Unit 1D/2D, New York, NY 10024

A Rare Offering at 15 West 81st Street - Grand Maisonette Duplex by Emery Roth 4 Bedrooms / 4 Bathrooms / 1 Powder Room / Wine Cellar / Over 4,000 sqft (Approx). A rare opportunity to experience townhouse-style living with the full services of a white-glove cooperative-welcome to Residence 1D/2D at 15 West 81st Street. Originally crafted by legendary architect Emery Roth, this

Carrie Chiang Corcoran Group

15 W 81st St Unit 1D/2D, New York, NY 10024
/12
$6,700,000
- 9 Beds
- 11 Baths
- 6,790 Sq Ft
46 W 90th St, New York, NY 10024

46 West 90th Street is a 6,790-square-foot Renaissance Revival townhouse, originally designed in 1901 by Theodore E. Thomson. Currently configured as four free-market units, the property features a renovated owner’s duplex with 3 bedrooms, 3.5 bathrooms, 2 offices, a spacious kitchen with high-end appliances, and a beautifully landscaped private backyard.Original architectural details

Richard Pretsfelder Leslie J Garfield & Co Inc

46 W 90th St, New York, NY 10024
/7
$7,800,000
- 7 Beds
- 12 Baths
- 7,120 Sq Ft
323 W 89th St, New York, NY 10024

323 West 89th Street is a Renaissance Revival-style townhouse designed by renowned architect C.P.H. Gilbert and constructed in 1893. With a 5.3% cap rate at the asking price & ideally positioned on a picturesque Riverside Park block in the Upper West Side, this stately, 22-foot-wide property presents a rare opportunity to acquire a turnkey, income-producing multi-family townhouse in one of

Richard Pretsfelder Leslie J Garfield & Co Inc

323 W 89th St, New York, NY 10024
/12
$5,950,000
- 5 Beds
- 5 Baths
- 3,700 Sq Ft
140 Riverside Dr Unit 11A, New York, NY 10024

Astonishing river panoramas up and down the Hudson merge with unparalleled Manhattan living in a grand five-bedroom, five-bath, 3700sf residence at the Normandy. This is one of the finest river view apartments in Manhattan. Newly installed, panoramic windows frame breathtaking, uninterrupted river views from nearly every room, bathing the space in natural light and creating an

Daniel Douglas Corcoran Group

140 Riverside Dr Unit 11A, New York, NY 10024
/32
$7,495,000
- 5 Beds
- 4 Baths
- 3,750 Sq Ft
285 Central Park W Unit 5S, New York, NY 10024

A visionary's love of space, light, and historic artistry can be a dream come true! With breathtaking Central Park views and timeless prewar bones, this rare gem is awaiting its next chapter. Apartment 5S is unique from other "S" lines in the building due to having acquired an extra bedroom, bathroom, and two additional closets from a neighboring apartment line. An expansive

Sarah Mozeson Brown Harris Stevens Residential Sales LLC

285 Central Park W Unit 5S, New York, NY 10024
/4
$3,750,000
- 6 Beds
- 5 Baths
- 3,372 Sq Ft
127 W 95th St Unit TH, New York, NY 10025

Nestled on a picturesque, tree-lined block in the heart of the Upper West Side, 127 West 95th Street presents a rare opportunity for investors, developers, or end-users to restore and reimagine a piece of New York City history. In the summer of 1886, developer Charles A. Bouton launched an ambitious project to build six rowhouses on this charming stretch between Columbus and Amsterdam

Fainna Kagan Corcoran Group

127 W 95th St Unit TH, New York, NY 10025
/4
$3,750,000
- 6 Beds
- 5 Baths
- 3,372 Sq Ft
Unlisted Address

Nestled on a picturesque, tree-lined block in the heart of the Upper West Side, 127 West 95th Street presents a rare opportunity for investors, developers, or end-users to restore and reimagine a piece of New York City history.In the summer of 1886, developer Charles A. Bouton launched an ambitious project to build six rowhouses on this charming stretch between Columbus and Amsterdam

Lauren Fernandes Compass

Unlisted Address
/9
$11,900,000
- 5 Beds
- 4.5 Baths
- 4,176 Sq Ft
27 W 72nd St Unit 1410D, New York, NY 10023

A Rare Offering: Grand Duplex Residence with Terrace at The Olcott — Steps from Central ParkWelcome to a truly exceptional residence at The Olcott, one of the Upper West Side’s most distinguished full-service pre-war condominiums. Just moments from Central Park, this meticulously crafted 4,176 square foot duplex offers the rare combination of expansive interior space, luxurious finishes,

Shlomi Reuveni Reuveni LLC

27 W 72nd St Unit 1410D, New York, NY 10023
/27
$8,800,000
- 5 Beds
- 5.5 Baths
- 3,233 Sq Ft
211 W 84th St Unit 5D, New York, NY 10024

Closings Begin this Fall. Apartment 5D at The Henry is a wonderfully flexible, loft-like five-bedroom residence facing south onto tree-lined 84th Street and north over the building’s gardens. A large entrance foyer and gallery with excellent wall space for art opens to a 27-foot-long, 20-foot-wide living room. A spacious chef’s eat-in kitchen is open to the living room but is slightly tucked

Alexa Lambert Compass

211 W 84th St Unit 5D, New York, NY 10024
/7
$6,500,000
- 9 Beds
- 5 Baths
- 6,683 Sq Ft
116 W 74th St, New York, NY 10023

A Stately and Stunning 4-Unit Limestone Townhouse Surrounded by the Best of New York's Culture All Units are Free-Market - Situated on a 20x102" Lot - Building Setup Available Built in 1887, the Edmund P. Shelby house retains much of its pre-war detail on both the interior and exterior with beautiful Gothic, Queen Anne, and Moorish facade elements. The interiors feature hand-carved

Mckenzie Ryan Douglas Elliman Real Estate

116 W 74th St, New York, NY 10023
/24
$5,750,000
- 9 Beds
- 5 Baths
- 6,613 Sq Ft
138 W 73rd St, New York, NY 10023

GRAND 20 BROWNSTONE ON PRIME UWS BLOCK CAN BE DELIVERED VACANT CURRENTLY: 4-FAMILY MOVE-IN READY & EASILY RENTABLE HOME CAN BE: Ideal Immediate Income Producer or Supreme Single Family (or Hybrid of Both!) West 73rd Street, between Columbus and Amsterdam Avenues, is a heart-warming, historical, tree-lined block in arguably the most coveted location on the Upper Westside. In either direction, one

Cameron Knowlton Compass

138 W 73rd St, New York, NY 10023
/29
$21,750,000
- 6 Beds
- 9 Baths
- 8,000 Sq Ft
48 W 85th St, New York, NY 10024

Welcome to 48 West 85th Street — a stunning, newly renovated triple mint single-family townhouse located on a tree-lined Central Park block. This six-story home plus finished roof deck combines timeless Upper West Side charm with sleek, modern luxury. An elevator serves every floor, including the rooftop.Through the classic stoop entryway, the parlor level offers grand living and formal

Richard Pretsfelder Leslie J Garfield & Co Inc

48 W 85th St, New York, NY 10024
/15
$6,250,000
- 9 Beds
- 6.5 Baths
- 6,395 Sq Ft
13 W 89th St, New York, NY 10024

Welcome to 13 West 89th Street, a classic brownstone built in 1894 by architects Neville & Bagge in the Renaissance Revival style. Offering the potential for single-family conversion, an appealing live-with-income or investment opportunity, this property is located just two brownstones west of Central Park West. The 19.5-foot wide, 5-unit home spans approximately 6,395 square feet and is

Richard Pretsfelder Leslie J Garfield & Co Inc

13 W 89th St, New York, NY 10024
/31
$11,500,000
- 5 Beds
- 4.5 Baths
- 3,300 Sq Ft
221 W 77th St Unit 16, New York, NY 10024

221 West 77th Street, #16 - A Refined Full-Floor Home with Open City Views and Private Terrace 3,300 Sq Ft Interior / 4 Bedrooms / 3 Baths / Powder Room / South- and West-Facing Terrace Private Full-Floor Residence with Sweeping Views and Handcrafted Finishes Residence #16 at 221 West 77th Street is a rare, full-floor home offering approximately 3,300 square feet of

Carrie Chiang Corcoran Group

221 W 77th St Unit 16, New York, NY 10024
/15
$4,500,000
- 5 Beds
- 4 Baths
- 2,725 Sq Ft
245 W 99th St Unit 7B, New York, NY 10025

Expansive 4-5 Bedroom Home at Ariel West - Premier Condominium Living on the Upper West Side Discover refined city living in this sun-filled, generously proportioned residence at Ariel West, one of the Upper West Side's most prestigious full-service condominiums. A gracious entry gallery welcomes you into a spectacular 32-foot great room, perfectly suited for entertaining, with

Lisa Interdonato Douglas Elliman Real Estate

245 W 99th St Unit 7B, New York, NY 10025
/32
$28,750,000
- 6 Beds
- 6.5 Baths
- 6,205 Sq Ft
211 W 84th St Unit PHB, New York, NY 10024

Closings Begin this Fall. Penthouse B is a one-of-a-kind, full-floor, 6-bedroom, 6.5 bathroom home with amazing light and views. As you enter the residence, you are welcomed by a private vestibule that leads to a generous gallery. The west facing living room is flanked by the library to the South, and a beautiful formal dining room to the north. This enfilade of rooms opens to a generous terrace,

Alexa Lambert Compass

211 W 84th St Unit PHB, New York, NY 10024
/12
$4,395,000
- 9 Beds
- 8 Baths
- 4,000 Sq Ft
319 W 77th St, New York, NY 10024

Endless opportunities. The choice is yours.This beautiful park block townhouse offers many living and/or investment options for today's buyer.Currently - Owner's Duplex with substantial incomeFirst floor 1- Garden level: A fully renovated garden and lower level duplex featuring a large private garden, 2 bedrooms plus large rec room, 2 baths, and private laundry room. Free market.Second floor 2-

Mike Sieger Sothebys International Realty

319 W 77th St, New York, NY 10024
/13
$6,250,000
- 11 Beds
- 10 Baths
- 7,764 Sq Ft
489 W End Ave, New York, NY 10024

489 West End Avenue is a Flemish Revival-style townhouse designed by architects Lamb & Rich and constructed in 1892. This property presents an opportunity to own a turnkey historic, income-producing townhouse in the heart of the Upper West Side. Currently configured as a five-unit multi-family residence, this stately property is in excellent condition and offers immediate investment value with

Richard Pretsfelder Leslie J Garfield & Co Inc

489 W End Ave, New York, NY 10024
/24
$29,750,000
- 7 Beds
- 14 Baths
- 12,375 Sq Ft
349 W 86th St, New York, NY 10024

Step into a work of art with an exceptional history designed by Janes and Leo Architects c.1901 which has been completely restored with your every comfort in mind: this limestone Beaux-Arts beauty built full to an impressive 25 x 100 lot features a majestic entrance flanked by Doric columns, a Roman brick and terra cotta facade, and ornate architectural detailing including custom wrought

Lydia Sussek Douglas Elliman Real Estate

349 W 86th St, New York, NY 10024
/27
$10,900,000
- 5 Beds
- 4 Baths
2166 Broadway Unit PH, New York, NY 10024

A Sky High Sanctuary in the Heart of the Upper West Side Presenting a truly unparalleled offering: a crown jewel penthouse atop the Opera building, this one-of-a-kind residence is a private rooftop villa soaring high above Broadway. Encircled by expansive wraparound terraces and commanding unobstructed 360-degree views of Central Park, the Hudson River, and the Manhattan skyline,

Christopher Vaccari Douglas Elliman Real Estate

2166 Broadway Unit PH, New York, NY 10024
/20
$7,500,000
- 5 Beds
- 5 Baths
277 W End Ave Unit 13/14D, New York, NY 10023

Stunning duplex home in the sky with RIVER VIEWS! This apartment is the rare blend of elegant flow, stunning finishes and fantastic views.This gorgeous 5 bedroom home is located on the 13th and 14th floors of a well-run prewar coop, on the corner of 73rd Street and tranquil West End Avenue! Boasting approximately 4200 square feet with open views and light from every room, this apartment

Lisa Lippman Brown Harris Stevens Residential Sales LLC

277 W End Ave Unit 13/14D, New York, NY 10023
/17
$10,500,000
- 5 Beds
- 4.5 Baths
- 4,477 Sq Ft
101 W 78th St Unit 5B, New York, NY 10024

Experience the best of Upper West Side living in this expansive and totally renovated duplex, spanning over 4,400 square feet. Boasting five bedrooms and four-and-a-half baths, this chic residence offers a rare combination of contemporary living in a prewar space. This beautiful condominium home enjoys not only top-of-the-line finishes and 10-foot ceilings throughout, but also a

Steven Gottlieb Coldwell Banker Warburg

101 W 78th St Unit 5B, New York, NY 10024
/16
$8,495,000
- 5 Beds
- 7 Baths
- 5,694 Sq Ft
40 W 83rd St, New York, NY 10024

Quintessential UWS location on the park block of West 83rd Street between Central Park West & Columbus Avenue. This Neo-Georgian Townhouse is uniquely configured with a separate downstairs apartment. Here is an opportunity to own a single-family home. Garden Level & Basement: Separate entrance at street level leads you to a 1 bedroom, 1.5 bathroom duplex apartment

Stefanie Ruch Douglas Elliman Real Estate

40 W 83rd St, New York, NY 10024

Showing Results 1 - 40, Page 1 of 2

New York New York County Manhattan Upper West Side

Learn more about living in Upper West Side

Home Trends in Upper West Side, NY

On average, homes in Upper West Side, Manhattan sell after 44 days on the market compared to the national average of 70 days. The median sale price for homes in Upper West Side, Manhattan over the last 12 months is $689,500, up 114% from the median home sale price over the previous 12 months.

Housing Trends

Median Sale Price

$689,500

Median Single Family Sale Price

$689,500

Median 2 Bedroom Sale Price

$115,000

Average Price Per Sq Ft

$251

Number of Homes for Sale

Last 12 months Home Sales

1,007

Months of Supply

0.10

Median List Price

$689,500

Median Change From 1st List Price

Median Home Sale Price YoY Change

114%

How to Buy a Home How to Finance a Home How to Sell a Home

In Upper West Side, there are currently 60 5-bedroom homes for sale, offering expansive and versatile living spaces suitable for larger families or those who desire ample room for guests, home offices, or recreational areas. These properties provide the ultimate in flexibility and comfort, with generous bedroom counts that can accommodate various living arrangements and lifestyle needs. Whether you're in search of a spacious single-family home, a luxurious estate, or a custom-built residence with five or more bedrooms, there are options available to match your preferences. Explore the selection of 5-bedroom homes for sale in Upper West Side, Manhattan and find the perfect place to meet your needs.

Upper West Side Types of Homes for Sale

Upper West Side Real Estate Listings

Upper West Side New Construction Homes

More About Living in Upper West Side

Homes in Nearby Neighborhoods

Homes in Nearby Cities

Homes in Nearby Counties

Disclaimer: Certain information contained herein is derived from information provided by parties other than Homes.com. All information provided is deemed reliable, but is not guaranteed to be accurate and should be independently verified.