Homes for Sale near P.S. 51

/10
$599,000
- Land
- 0.10 Acre
- $5,990,000 per Acre
11515 Curzon Rd, Kew Gardens, NY 11418

LOCATION LOCATION LOCATION , THIS IS A LAND 20X112 IRR FLOOR PLNS AND SURVEY CAN BE REQUESTED BY EMAIL ,RE- ZONING HAS JUST BEEN UPDATED TO R4 THAT MEANS MORE CAN BE BUILD (3600 S|F )THIS LOCATION IS IN KEW GARDENS / RICHMOND HILL AREA

Steven Benshabat

Exit Realty First Choice

(917) 924-6549

11515 Curzon Rd, Kew Gardens, NY 11418
/26
$460,000 Open Sun 11AM - 12PM
- 1 Bed
- 1 Bath
- 907 Sq Ft
83-71 116th St Unit 7B, Richmond Hill, NY 11418

Welcome to your new home in the heart of Kew Gardens! This stunning 1-bedroom condo offers a perfect blend of comfort, style, and convenience. Spacious Bedroom: Enjoy a generously sized bedroom with ample closet space and natural light. Loft Area: A versatile loft space perfect for a home office, guest room, or additional storage. Large Private Balcony: Step outside to your own private oasis,

Michelle Fisher EXP Realty

83-71 116th St Unit 7B, Richmond Hill, NY 11418
/45
$689,999
- 2 Beds
- 1 Bath
- 900 Sq Ft
8385 116th St Unit 4B, Kew Gardens, NY 11418

Awesome & spacious corner apartment, brand-new renovated, plenty of storage. 8 min walk to LIRR, 10 min walk to subway station. Surrounded by State Parks. restaurants and supermarkets all in walking distance. Plenty of street park. Quiet and peaceful streets.

Gregory King Kings Home Realty Advisory Grp

8385 116th St Unit 4B, Kew Gardens, NY 11418
/23
$575,000
- 2 Beds
- 2 Baths
- 915 Sq Ft
116-24 Grosvenor Ln Unit 8D, Richmond Hill, NY 11418

Welcome to this beautifully appointed 2 Bedroom, 2 Bath condo in Kew Gardens, offering a perfect blend of comfort, convenience, and modern amenities. Enjoy the luxury of a private terrace, perfect for relaxing and unwinding outdoors. Key Features: Smart Home Technology: Control your lighting and thermostats with ease, thanks to smart tech integration throughout the apt. Modern Comforts:

Margaret Loughlin Keller Williams Rlty Landmark

116-24 Grosvenor Ln Unit 8D, Richmond Hill, NY 11418
/30
$655,000
- 2 Beds
- 2 Baths
- 1,172 Sq Ft
116-11 E Curzon Rd Unit 1B, Kew Gardens, NY 11418

Welcome to this two bedroom, two bathroom condo. Stepping in you will find newly refinished hardwood floors throughout. Each room has individual PTAC units that provide both heating and cooling through the seasons. All windows are Anderson brand. -In kitchen there are all stainless steel appliances and granite countertops including half island and tiled backsplash. -Both bathrooms

Frederic Sandy Orion Homes Realty LLC

116-11 E Curzon Rd Unit 1B, Kew Gardens, NY 11418
/16
$645,000
- 2 Beds
- 1 Bath
- 779 Sq Ft
116-17 Grosvenor Ln Unit 1 C, Richmond Hill, NY 11418

Welcome to Unit 1C, a charming 2-bedroom apartment featuring a private terrace at Garden Lane. Located at the nexus of the charming neighborhoods of Kew Gardens and Forest Hills, on a quiet tree-lined street, this boutique collection of 19 sophisticated condominium residences is an urban sanctuary. Garden Lane takes inspiration from the classic appeal of these two historic communities

Wonda (Huan-Chi) Huang Modern Spaces

116-17 Grosvenor Ln Unit 1 C, Richmond Hill, NY 11418
/17
$615,000 Open Sat 12PM - 2PM
- 2 Beds
- 1 Bath
- 759 Sq Ft
116-17 Grosvenor Ln Unit 4A, Richmond Hill, NY 11418

Welcome to Unit 4A, a charming 2-bedroom apartment featuring a private balcony at Garden Lane. Located at the nexus of the charming neighborhoods of Kew Gardens and Forest Hills, on a quiet tree-lined street, this boutique collection of 19 sophisticated condominium residences is an urban sanctuary. Garden Lane takes inspiration from the classic appeal of these two historic communities

Alexander Pereira Modern Spaces

116-17 Grosvenor Ln Unit 4A, Richmond Hill, NY 11418
/30
$649,000
- 2 Beds
- 2 Baths
- 1,200 Sq Ft
116-24 Grosvenor Ln Unit 7C, Richmond Hill, NY 11418

Live in the luxury of Kew Gardens with Spectacular Manhattan views. 2-bedroom, 2 bathrooms, Located in the heart of Kew Gardens, Queens. The apartment features: Spacious Living room with large windows in multiple directions, Large Master bedroom with full bathroom and a huge walk-in closet that can hold enormous amount of your fashion items. Separate Dining area and a stylish open style Marble

Mike Kaheni Royal House Realty Inc

116-24 Grosvenor Ln Unit 7C, Richmond Hill, NY 11418
/20
$630,000
- 2 Beds
- 2 Baths
- 1,172 Sq Ft
116-11 Curzon Rd Unit 2B, Richmond Hill, NY 11418

Spacious two-bedroom, two-bathroom condo. 2 balconies perfect for relaxing—with additional rooftop access available. Secure building entry via FOB system. Residents have access to a private, climate-controlled fitness center, on-site parking, and a first-floor mailroom for added convenience. Ideally located just minutes from Forest Park’s scenic hiking and biking trails, and close to the shops,

Marc Caputo ERA/Caputo Realty

116-11 Curzon Rd Unit 2B, Richmond Hill, NY 11418
/6
$339,000
- 1 Bed
- 1 Bath
- 800 Sq Ft
84-25 118th St Unit 3D, Kew Gardens, NY 11415

Bright 1 (j4) Bedroom Coop apartment in elevator building, L-shape living room, wood floor throughout, can be converted into j4. Low monthly maintenance of $774 includes heat and cooking gas. Building close to public transportation, major highways.1 Block to buses to E&F trains & JFK airport, walk to LIRR Kew Gardens Station, 2 Blocks to all Shopping, restaurants, & commerce on Metropolitan

Roza Knyazeva KNY Realty Group LLC

84-25 118th St Unit 3D, Kew Gardens, NY 11415
/33
$359,000
- 2 Beds
- 1 Bath
- 900 Sq Ft
118-11 84th Ave Unit 415, Kew Gardens, NY 11415

WELCOME TO THE GEORGIAN HOUSE. THE PREWAR GEM OF KEW GARDENS, This is a JR4 / 2 Bedrooms apartment located on the 5th floor, Very sunny and spacious apartment with Views from all windows. Beautiful apartment with classic elegance and charm, offers large entry foyer that can be used as a dining area or a home office, spacious Living Room, updated Kitchen with modern cabinets, windowed Bathroom

David Dan Benjamin Realty Since 1980

118-11 84th Ave Unit 415, Kew Gardens, NY 11415
/4
$449,000
- 1 Bed
- 1 Bath
- 900 Sq Ft
83-71 116th St Unit 4-D, Richmond Hill, NY 11418

Welcome to the Century Condominium Complex in vibrant Kew Gardens! This gorgeous one-bedroom unit features hardwood floors, a private terrace, and an inviting open floor layout with natural light. The granite kitchen offers ample storage, stainless steel appliances, and a dishwasher. Enjoy great closet space and easily accessible laundry in the building. Just steps from Metropolitan Ave, Forest

Gladys Barco Compass Greater NY LLC

83-71 116th St Unit 4-D, Richmond Hill, NY 11418
/8
$235,000
- 1 Bed
- 1 Bath
- 750 Sq Ft
120-12 85th Ave Unit 3A, Kew Gardens, NY 11415

This well maintained one bedroom apartment features beautiful hardwood floors. Freshly painted, kitchen and bathroom newly renovated. Located in a convenient neighborhood minutes from public transportation, school, shopping. Great location.

Nissim Levy Keller Williams Realty Liberty

120-12 85th Ave Unit 3A, Kew Gardens, NY 11415
/23
$1,459,000
- 7 Beds
- 3 Baths
- 3,719 Sq Ft
110-97 85th Ave, Richmond Hill, NY 11418

Prime Location in North Richmond Hill part of Queens. Introducing a great investment property with a nice rental income. This well maintained 3 family property features 7 Bedrooms and 3 Full baths. 1 unit has 3 bedrooms, 2nd unit is also a 3 bedroom apartment and 3rd unit has a spacious 1 bedroom. 2 garages that will generate extra income. Huge 5500 sq ft lot offer a great shared space for

Alexander Mikhaylov RE/MAX City Square

110-97 85th Ave, Richmond Hill, NY 11418
/2
$1,800,000
- 3 Beds
- 4,214 Sq Ft
8948 Lefferts Blvd, Richmond Hill, NY 11418

Beautiful completely renovated multi-family in the best of Richmond Hill with large backyard. Centrally located within close walking distance to all shopping and major transportation.

Gregory Yadgaroff Realty Depot LLC

8948 Lefferts Blvd, Richmond Hill, NY 11418
/21
$799,999 Open Sun 1PM - 2PM
- 2 Beds
- 2 Baths
- 1,232 Sq Ft
85-6 122nd St, Richmond Hill, NY 11418

Welcome to 85-06 122nd Street, a well-located two-family home in the heart of Kew Gardens. Each unit offers 1 bedroom and 1 bathroom, with the lower unit featuring a finished basement for added duplex-style living. Enjoy convenient community parking in the rear and close proximity to the E/F subway, LIRR, Forest Park, and the shops and dining along Austin Street. The property will be delivered

Roni Cohen B2B Real Estate Group Inc

85-6 122nd St, Richmond Hill, NY 11418
/22
$289,000
- 1 Bed
- 1 Bath
8511 Lefferts Blvd Unit 1, Kew Gardens, NY 11415

Kew Court Old-World Charm Meets Modern Convenience Pre-War Elegance: High ceilings, hardwood floors, and oversized windows bring warmth and character to this one-bedroom co-op. Functional Layout: A spacious living/dining area and an eat-in kitchen offer flexibility for entertaining or working from home. First-Floor Ease: No elevator waits: just step right in. Ideal for those who value

luis Martinez AGENCY REAL ESTATE SERVICES LLC

8511 Lefferts Blvd Unit 1, Kew Gardens, NY 11415
/23
$899,000 Open Sat 12PM - 2PM
- 3 Beds
- 1.5 Baths
- 1,688 Sq Ft
89-04 118th St, Jamaica, NY 11418

Welcome to this remarkable large move in ready Richmond Hill corner home. This home is a legal 2 being used as a 1. This beautiful colonial property has an entry hall that's an open layout that caters modern living, while still keeping its colonial charm. First floor features a Modern Kitchen with New Appliances, Formal Dining Room, Living Room, Entertainment Room and an additional room which can

Maritza Ortiz-Rodriguez EXIT Realty Central

89-04 118th St, Jamaica, NY 11418
/9
$200,000
- 1 Bed
- 1 Bath
- 580 Sq Ft
83-60 118th St Unit 7K, Kew Gardens, NY 11415

WELL MAINTAINED 1 BEDROOM UNIT WITH A NEWLY RENNOVATED KITCHEN LOCATED ON A TREE LINED BLOCK IN KEWGARDENS CLOSE TO FOREST PARK. SUNNY AND BRIGHT EXPOSURE! NEAR BY PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION, SHOPPING, RESTAURANTS,ENTERTAINMENT AND PUBLIC TRANSPERTATION. BUILDING HAS A LIVE IN SUPER, FULL TIME PORTER AND LAUNDRY ROOM ONPREMISES.

Bradly Barnett Keller Williams Points North

83-60 118th St Unit 7K, Kew Gardens, NY 11415
/13
$150,000
- 1 Bath
- 470 Sq Ft
83-83 118th St Unit 6L, Kew Gardens, NY 11415

Welcome to a charming studio apartment at the prettiest prewar a pet-friendly cooperative, situated in the heart of Kew Gardens neighborhood. Immaculate studio on the 6th floor with spacious foyer, Hardwood floors, kitchen. Large living room with combination sleeping area. Windows galore, elegant bath and laundry on premises. Live in super. TLC Needed!

Roman Nissim Keystone Realty USA Corp

83-83 118th St Unit 6L, Kew Gardens, NY 11415
/10
$338,000
- 1 Bed
- 1 Bath
118-60 Metropolitan Ave Unit 1J, Kew Gardens, NY 11415

Welcome to this beautiful and large one bedroom Co-Op. move in condition! this spacious Layout can address the need for second bedroom or office! The kitchen, bathroom, living room, and bedrooms all have windows. Facing the south and East! security guard service, pets friendly .subletting permitted, parking by waitlist! Located to Grand central parkway wick expressway!5-minute walk to the LIRR

Emma Shu Shu E Realty International Corp

118-60 Metropolitan Ave Unit 1J, Kew Gardens, NY 11415
/4
$3,990,000
- Land
- 0.14 Acre
- $28,500,000 per Acre
116-14 Grosvenor Ln, Richmond Hill, NY 11418

Prime Development Opportunity in Richmond Hill, Queens. Two properties being sold together 116-14 Grosvenor Lane ( Lot 4,104 Sq. Ft.)82-91 116th Street (Lot 1,996 Sq. Ft.) Combined Lot 6,100 Sq. Ft. Zoning R7A, Maximum Usable Floor Area: 24,400 Sq. Ft.These lots offer an incredible opportunity for new residential development in a rapidly growing neighborhood. With R7A zoning and a large

Zhen Hu Key Impact Realty Group Inc

116-14 Grosvenor Ln, Richmond Hill, NY 11418
/3
$1,490,000
- 6 Beds
- 3 Baths
82-91 116th St, Richmond Hill, NY 11418

2 Family home located in heart of Richmond Hill, total 6 Bedroom and 3 Bathroom, Lot size 1996 Sq. Ft. Zoning R7. The property can be sold as a package sale with #875733, perfect for builders, developers.

Zhen Hu Key Impact Realty Group Inc

82-91 116th St, Richmond Hill, NY 11418
/2
$2,500,000
- 5 Beds
- 5.5 Baths
- 3,957 Sq Ft
116-14 Grosvenor Ln, Richmond Hill, NY 11418

Beautiful one family located in heart of Kew Gardens, Zoning R7A, Lot 4104 Sq. Ft. Total 5 bedrooms and 5.5 bathrooms, Living Area estimated 3957 Sq. Ft. close to park, LIRR, shop... The property can be sold as a package sale with #875774 perfect for builders, developers.

Zhen Hu Key Impact Realty Group Inc

116-14 Grosvenor Ln, Richmond Hill, NY 11418
/9
$229,000
- 1 Bed
- 1 Bath
- 525 Sq Ft
83-60 118th St Unit 3C, Kew Gardens, NY 11415

Sponsor Unit, No board approval needed. Fully renovated cozy 1 bedroom apartment with a new quartz kitchen and breakfast bar. Open floor plan concept from kitchen to L/R. newly renovated full bathroom. live in super and laundry in building. located on a tree lined block in Kew gardens. close to shopping, restaurants and public transportation. owner occupancy required for a minimum of 2 years.

Bradly Barnett Keller Williams Points North

83-60 118th St Unit 3C, Kew Gardens, NY 11415
/39
$1,198,000
- 5 Beds
- 2.5 Baths
- 2,090 Sq Ft
114-11 86th Ave, Richmond Hill, NY 11418

Welcome to this beautifully updated detached brick and stucco two-family home, currently used as a spacious one-family residence! On the first floor, you'll find a bright living room, a formal dining room, and a stylish eat-in kitchen renovated in 2025 with sleek granite countertops—plus a handy half bathroom. The second floor includes three comfortable bedrooms and a full bath, while the top

Mitra Hakimi Mitra Hakimi Realty Group LLC

114-11 86th Ave, Richmond Hill, NY 11418
/10
$729,000
- 3 Beds
- 1.5 Baths
- 1,102 Sq Ft
91-05 121st St, Jamaica, NY 11418

This is a one family semi detached frame house located in the heart of Richmond Hill.This house has 3 bedroom, 1 full bathroom, one half bath, many closets, lots of windows and an eat in kitchen. This house has lots of sunlight, dining area and living area with wooden floor. This house is adorned with elegance and efficiency. Walking distance to public tranportation. Buses from Lefferts to Kew

Indira Persaud Exit Realty Prime

91-05 121st St, Jamaica, NY 11418
/28
$1,299,000
- 5 Beds
- 3 Baths
- 2,593 Sq Ft
8417 113th St, Richmond Hill, NY 11418

Picture Perfect Detached 2 Family home in North Richmond Hill - Huge private yard. Wrap around porch - Move in ready. Full Finished Basement2 Bedrooms 1 Full Bath - LR, EIK, FDR on first floorLaundry room, Full Bath EIK, FDR, LR and 3 Rooms full bath on 2/3rd floor duplex

Regina Santoro Schaefer Parkside Realty of Queens Inc

8417 113th St, Richmond Hill, NY 11418
/6
$3,550,000
- Land
- 0.12 Acre
- $29,583,333 per Acre
116-18 Grosvenor Ln, Jamaica, NY 11418

Property development site for sale in the heart of Kew Gardens Queens! Area being sold as a LAND sale. Property is zoned R-7A with a total lot square footage of approximately 5317 SF. Located close to E/F express trains, LIRR, Forest Park, shops on Metropolitan Ave., Austin St. and Queens Blvd! Don't miss this tremendous opportunity to develop a brand new condo or rental building in a highly

Marc Caputo ERA/Caputo Realty

116-18 Grosvenor Ln, Jamaica, NY 11418
/31
$189,000
- 1 Bed
- 1 Bath
- 650 Sq Ft
83-55 Lefferts Blvd Unit 1E, Kew Gardens, NY 11415

Charming 1-Bedroom Co-op in Pre-War Building – Kew GardensBeautifully updated one-bedroom co-op located on a high first floor of a character-rich pre-war building in prime Kew Gardens. This spacious unit features a welcoming foyer with guest closet, renovated windowed kitchen with stainless steel appliances, stylish backsplash, and practical flooring.Enjoy a large living room with elegant

Cezary Doda Charles Rutenberg Realty Inc

83-55 Lefferts Blvd Unit 1E, Kew Gardens, NY 11415
/12
$230,000
- 1 Bed
- 1 Bath
- 625 Sq Ft
83-44 Lefferts Blvd Unit 6M, Kew Gardens, NY 11415

BRIGHTTOP FLOORHI CEILINGSHARDWOOD FLLORKINGSIZE BEDROOMPRE-WAR DECO BUILDINGCOURTYARDLAUNDRY ROOM IN BUILDING

Lin Batista Crossings Realty

83-44 Lefferts Blvd Unit 6M, Kew Gardens, NY 11415
/16
$329,000 Open Sat 11AM - 1PM
- 2 Beds
- 1 Bath
- 1,000 Sq Ft
83-75 118th St Unit 4H, Kew Gardens, NY 11415

Large two bedroom, 1 full bath (plus extra room that can be converted to small office) In The Highly Desirable Gated Complex. Quiet apartment that faces landscaped gardens. Pet Friendly, Garage (waitlist) And Storage Available. Close to E,F,J train lines, LIRR kew gardens station, several bus lines. Close to supermarkets, restaurants and shopping. Will Not Last!, Additional information:

Jason Moskowitz Prime Realty

83-75 118th St Unit 4H, Kew Gardens, NY 11415
/7
$165,000
- 1 Bath
- 400 Sq Ft
84-25 118th St Unit 5, Kew Gardens, NY 11415

Discover this cozy studio unit with hardwood floors, located in a well-maintained elevator building on a quiet, residential tree-lined street in the heart of Kew Gardens. Just minutes away from the serene beauty of Forest Park, this unit offers both tranquility and convenience. Ideal for commuters, it's situated close to major highways and public transportation, making your daily travels a breeze.

Fabio Acquista NY Space Finders Inc

84-25 118th St Unit 5, Kew Gardens, NY 11415
/15
$199,500
- 1 Bath
83-80 118th St Unit 3P, Kew Gardens, NY 11415

Welcome to the Curzon House Cooperative of Kew Gardens...This Spacious Studio approximately 550 Sq. Ft. Features All Modern Designer Finishes throughout including a custom high-end kitchen with lots of cabinetry, Quartz counter top / backsplash, Porcelain Flooring & LIEB-KERR Refrigerator. Bright & Sunny living room with custom unit with shelving & desk for home office and Murphy Bed

Maria Carr Douglas Elliman Real Estate

83-80 118th St Unit 3P, Kew Gardens, NY 11415
/7
$269,000
- 1 Bed
- 1 Bath
- 725 Sq Ft
115-25 84 Ave Unit 5L, Kew Garden Hills, NY 11418

One Bedroom Apartment in Quiet Residential Area. Hardwood Floors, Renovated Eat In Kitchen and Bathroom, Windows in Every Room, Live in Super, Laundry Room in Basement. Near Shopping & Park. Bus to Union Tpke. Short walk for LIRR MUST SEE!

Eun Joo Ko Garden Square Realty

115-25 84 Ave Unit 5L, Kew Garden Hills, NY 11418
/19
$215,000
- 1 Bed
- 1 Bath
- 500 Sq Ft
83-60 118th St Unit 4C, Kew Gardens, NY 11415

Welcome to this charming and bright 1 bedroom co-op apartment now available! This inviting unit features a comfortable bedroom with a closet and a window that offers expansive views of the surrounding area. The living room is filled with natural light from a large window, creating a warm and welcoming atmosphere.The apartment also includes a full bathroom and a functional kitchen, perfect for

Ana Lopez Connie Francisco R E Group

83-60 118th St Unit 4C, Kew Gardens, NY 11415
/12
$264,000
- 1 Bed
- 1 Bath
- 725 Sq Ft
115-25 84 Ave Unit 4B, Kew Garden Hills, NY 11418

Sunny One Bedroom Apt in Quiet Residential Area, Hardwood floors, Renovated Kit and Updated Bathroom, Windows in Every room, Eat-in Kitchen, Spot light Ceiling Living Room and Bedroom. Near Shopping and Park. Bus to Union Tpke. *MUST SEE*

Eun Joo Ko Garden Square Realty

115-25 84 Ave Unit 4B, Kew Garden Hills, NY 11418
/20
$368,000
- 2 Beds
- 1 Bath
- 869 Sq Ft
83-80 118th St Unit 5S, Kew Gardens, NY 11415

Welcome to Curzon House, a stately prewar building set back from the street, surrounded by beautiful landscaping and mature plantings. This well loved and beautifully updated two bedroom has a large footprint, junior four layout. It’s tucked away at the back of the building, ensuring peace and quiet with southwestern light. Enter into a newly tiled entryway with sizable closet. The long foyer

Laura Wanamaker Prime Properties Long Island

83-80 118th St Unit 5S, Kew Gardens, NY 11415
/36
$230,000
- 1 Bed
- 1 Bath
- 504 Sq Ft
83-19 116th St Unit 1D, Richmond Hill, NY 11418

The Windsor Court Coops : 83-19 116 Street, Kew Gardens Off Metropolitan Avenue/Park Lane South.Classic Early Prewar Tudor-style, 6-story elevator coop. Unique Cozy 1BR, 1 Bath with Living Room combined Kitchen. Features: Renovated stall shower with shower door,Hardwood floors,9-foot high ceilings,2 blocks from shopping, commerce, restaurants, entertainment, and Forest Park (biking, hiking,

Varuna Singh Crossings Realty

83-19 116th St Unit 1D, Richmond Hill, NY 11418
/27
$273,000 Open Sat 2PM - 4PM
- 1 Bed
- 1 Bath
83-55 Lefferts Blvd Unit 6F, Kew Gardens, NY 11415

Location! Location! Location! Newly Restored/Renovated Apartment. Mint Condition. Welcome to this lovely One Bedroom Apartment located in the heart of Kew Gardens. This One bedroom featuring Eat in Kitchen, Full Bath, Living/Dining Room, Close to Shopping, Restaurants, Parks, Schools, Lefferts Blvd, Hillside, Metropolitan Avenue, A Few minutes drive to Jackie Robinson, Van Wyck Expressway, Grand

Nazim Mohamed Affordable Realty Corp

83-55 Lefferts Blvd Unit 6F, Kew Gardens, NY 11415

Showing Results 1 - 40, Page 1 of 2

New York Richmond Hill P.S. 51

How to Buy a Home How to Finance a Home How to Sell a Home

Homes in Nearby Neighborhoods

Homes in Nearby Cities

Homes in Nearby Counties

Homes in Nearby Zip Codes

Disclaimer: Certain information contained herein is derived from information provided by parties other than Homes.com. All information provided is deemed reliable, but is not guaranteed to be accurate and should be independently verified.