A USDA home loan can help first-time homebuyers achieve the dream of home ownership. (Getty Images)
A USDA home loan can help first-time homebuyers achieve the dream of home ownership. (Getty Images)

The United States Department of Agriculture offers a no-down payment program to promote homeownership for low- and middle-income people in rural areas of the United States.

The program also allows applicants to borrow their closing costs. The pros: You can buy a house with no money down and no money needed to pay for closing costs. But the con is that the home must be in a designated area that the USDA considers rural.

Rural, though, doesn't mean boondocks — about 97% of the land in the United States qualifies, including many suburban areas, according to the USDA's eligibility map.

Here's how to qualify for the loan program.

Confirm eligibility

  • Your income is equal to or below 115% of the median income of the county where the house is located (check USDA tables)
  • Home is in a rural or suburban area (check USDA for maps)
  • Must be U.S. citizen or qualified non-citizen
  • Property must be primary residence
  • Credit rating is 620 to 640 (though USDA will consider lower scores)

Choose a loan type

  • Guaranteed loan: Mortgage is from a lender and is backed by the USDA
  • Direct: USDA issues loans directly for borrowers with very low incomes

Gather financial documents

  • Pay stubs
  • Tax returns
  • Bank statements
  • Proof of income

Seek prequalification and preapproval of loan

  • Contact USDA-approved lender if applying for guaranteed loan
  • Get pre-qualified to determine how much you can afford
  • Get preapproval to strengthen offers on homes

Search for home

  • Must meet USDA's standards for safety, sanitary conditions and sound construction
  • Must not produce income

Application and closing

  • Submit application to lender, if guaranteed loan
  • Lender underwrites and sends to USDA for approval
  • Pay USDA fee of 1% of loan amount
  • Agree to pay annual mortgage insurance of 0.35%
  • Close on home in 30- to 60 days

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Dave Hansen

Dave Hansen is a staff writer for Homes.com, focusing on real estate learning. He founded two investment companies after buying his first home in 2001. Based in Northern Virginia, he enjoys researching investment properties using Homes.com data.

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